Is sunscreen worse for you than sun exposure? Can staying hydrated prevent a sunburn? Is a tan healthy? According to a new national survey commissioned by the Orlando Health Cancer Institute in Florida, too many young adults would mistakenly answer “yes” to all these questions.
The survey, which focused on individuals aged 335 and younger, reveals alarming misconceptions about sun safety and skin health. Despite extensive scientific evidence linking sun exposure to skin cancer and premature aging, a significant portion of young adults continue to hold dangerous beliefs about tanning, sunscreen use, and sunburn prevention.
Almost one-third of survey respondents believe that a tan makes people look more attractive and healthier. This belief persists even though dermatologists and oncologists consistently warn against the risks of tanning.
The Persistent Myth of the ‘Healthy’ Tan
Rajesh Nair, MD, an oncology surgeon at the Orlando Health Cancer Institute, emphasizes, “Suntanned skin represents an increased risk of a deadly disease.”
Skin cancer remains the most common type of cancer in the United States. While melanoma accounts for only about 1% of skin cancer cases, it causes the majority of skin cancer deaths. In 2024, approximately 100,000 new melanoma cases are expected to be diagnosed, and other 8,000 people are projected to die from the disease.
Social Media Influencers and the Spread of Misinformation
The widespread misconceptions about sunscreen and sun exposure are often fueled by social media influencers. Brianna Starr, a 29-year-old Floridian, highlighted this issue in the Orlando Health Center Institute’s media statement, noting, “I think a lot people get their information from TikTok, Instagram, Twitter, that might not be actually legit.” Starr’s sister was diagnosed with melanoma at the age of 19, a shocking revelation for her family.
Dr. Nair points out that social media is replete with influencers who spread misinformation about sun exposure and sunscreen.
“There are countless stories and posts from influencers with very strong opinions and polished presentations regarding the benefits of prolonged, unprotected sun exposure and the dire consequences of sunscreen. These posts disavow or don’t acknowledge the very real risk of sun-induced skin cancers,” he says.
One such influence, Shannonfairweather, who refers to herself as “Boston’s hippie big sis,” openly states, “I literally don’t wear sunscreen and yes I get sunburnt but I refuse to block my skin from the healing rays of the sun.”
She uses coconut oil instead of sunscreen, despite the fact that coconut oil offers no sun protection. Similarly, other natural oils like cocoa butter, safflower, jojoba, and baby oil also fail to protect against UV radiation.
Understanding Sunscreen Aversion and Safety
Dr. Nair acknowledges the root of the aversion to sunscreen among young people, which often stems from a fear of chemicals. This fear has led many to avoid using sunscreen altogether.
However, not all sunscreens are chemical-based. Mineral sunscreens, such as those containing zinc oxide, sit on the skin’s surface and create a physical barrier that reflects harmful UV rays.
Chemical sunscreens, on the other hand, are absorbed into the skin and tend to be more durable and water-resistant. Despite their effectiveness, there are concerns about the potential toxicity of certain compounds found in aerosol (spray) versions, which can be inhaled.
The Environmental Working Group (EWG), an advocacy nonprofit, provides a list of sun protection products that avoid potentially harmful chemicals, offering safer alternatives for those concerned about chemical exposure.
Top Tips for Sun Safety
In addition to wearing sun-protective clothing and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours, Dr. Nair offers several tips for effective sunscreen use:
- Choose the Right Sunscreen: Select a sunscreen with an SPF rating of at least 30. Ensure it is water-resistant and offers broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays.
- Apply Sunscreen Properly: Apply sunscreen before going outdoors. If using a chemical sunscreen, apply it at least 15 minutes before sun exposure to allow for full absorption.
- Reapply Regularly: Reapply sunscreen every two hours, or more frequently if you are swimming or sweating.
Addressing Common Misconceptions
- Sunscreen vs. Sun Exposure: About 1 in 7 survey respondents believe that daily sunscreen use is more harmful to the skin that direct sun exposure. This misconception can lead to inadequate protection against harmful UV rays, increasing the risk of skin cancer.
- Hydration and Sunburn Prevention: Nearly one-quarter of respondents incorrectly believe that drinking water and staying hydrated can prevent a sunburn. While hydration is important for overall health, it does not protect the skin from UV damage.
The survey conducted by the Orlando Health Cancer Institute highlights a critical need for better education and awareness about sun safety and the risks of sun exposure. Dispelling myths and providing accurate information can help young adults make informed decisions about protecting their skin.
By understanding the dangers of tanning, the benefits of proper sunscreens use, and the importance of sun safety practices, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of skin cancer and promote healthier skin.
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