2. Uremia
Uremia is a potentially fatal illness that happens when waste products associated with impaired kidney function accumulate in your blood. Uremia refers to the effects of waste product accumulation and implies “urine in the blood.” It has an impact on the entire body. Uremia is most commonly caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can progress to end-stage renal (kidney) disease (ESKD), but it can also occur suddenly, resulting in acute kidney injury and failure (AKI), which is possibly reversible. Uremia can lead to major health concerns such as fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, hormone imbalances, and metabolic issues. Uremia is always fatal if left untreated, and it was always that way before dialysis and transplantation were available. Through urine, healthy kidneys remove waste and fluids from your body. Kidneys aid in the maintenance of proper levels of acids, electrolytes, and hormones such as Vitamin D and erythropoietin (EPO). Damaged kidneys do not function properly, causing various poisons to accumulate in your blood. Most people become ill when their kidney function falls below 15% (15 ml/min) of normal and require dialysis when it falls below 10% (10 ml/min). In extreme cases, symptoms such as uremic fetor (a urine-like odor on the breath or a metallic taste in the mouth) and uremic frost may occur (yellow-white crystals on the skin due to urea in sweat). If untreated, uremia can lead to significant problems. Excess acid in your body, as well as hormone and electrolyte imbalances, can all have a negative impact on your heart. These issues can have an impact on your metabolism, or your body’s process of converting food to energy. Toxin buildup in your blood can also cause blood vessels to calcify (harden). Calcification causes difficulties with the bones, muscles, heart, and blood vessels, and these can present as restless leg syndrome.
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